Effects of CO2 and Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Nutrient Content of Juvenile Ponderosa Pine (ORNL/CDIAC-107, NDP-061A)
DOI: 10.3334/CDIAC/vrc.ndp061
Data
PDF file
Contributed by
Dale W. Johnson,1,2 J. Timothy Ball,1 and Roger F. Walker2
1Biological Sciences Center
Desert Research Institute
P.O. Box 60220
Reno, NV 89506
2Environmental and Resource Sciences
College of Agriculture
University of Nevada
Reno, NV 89512
Prepared by Robert M. Cushman
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
Environmental Sciences Division
Publication No. 4754
Date Published: March 1998
Prepared for the
Environmental Sciences Division
Office of Biological and Environmental Research
Budget Activity Number KP 12 04 01 0
Prepared by the
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6290
managed by
LOCKHEED MARTIN ENERGY RESEARCH CORP.
for the
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
under contract DE-AC05-96OR22464
Contents
Abstract
Background Information
Experimental Setup and Methods
Applications of the Data
Data Limitations and Restrictions
References
Quality-Assurance Checks and Data-Processing Activities Performed by CDIAC
How to Obtain the Data and Documentation
Listing of Files Provided
Description of the Documentation File
Description of the Data Files
Listing of the Fortran Data Retrieval Programs
Listing of the SAS Data Retrieval Programs
Partial Listings of the Flat ASCII Data Files
Abstract
JOHNSON, D. W., J. T. BALL, AND R. F. WALKER. 1998. Effects of CO2 and Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Nutrient Content of Juvenile Ponderosa Pine. ORNL/CDIAC-107, NDP-061A, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. doi: 10.3334/CDIAC/vrc.ndp061
This data set presents measured values of plant diameter and height, biomass of plant components, and nutrient (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc) concentrations from a study of the effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen fertilization on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) conducted in open-top chambers in Placerville, California, from 1991 through 1996. This data set contains values from 1991 through 1993.
Background Information
This data set presents measured values of plant diameter and height, biomass of plant components, and nutrients in vegetation from a study of the effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen fertilization on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws.) conducted in open-top chambers in Placerville, California, from 1991 through 1996. This data set contains values from 1991 through 1993. Further background for the study, as well as the results and conclusions from the study, may be found in Johnson et al. (1997), which is the primary reference for this data set. Users who wish to use these data in specific model exercises or research exercises should first refer to Johnson et al.
Experimental Setup and Methods
Detailed information concerning the site and experimental setup, treatments, and sampling and analytical methods is given in Johnson et al. (1997) and Walker et al. (1997); the methods are summarized below.
Twenty-four hexagonal open-top chambers, 3.6 m in diameter, were established in February April 1991 at the Institute of Forest Genetics in Placerville, California, on a soil of Aiken clay loam, an andesite-derived Xeric Haplohumult. The studied pines were grown from seeds (21 locations per chamber) planted in May 1991.
Treatment began in May 1991. There were three treatment levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization (0, 10, and 20 g N per square meter per year applied as ammonium sulfate) and four CO2 treatments (ambient, no chamber; ambient, chambered; 525 microliters CO2 per liter air; and 700 microliters CO2 per liter air). All combinations of the treatments were studied, except for the combination of 10 g N per square meter per year and 525 microliters CO2 per liter air. Each of the unchambered treatments was replicated twice, each of the chambered treatments thrice. All plots were watered identically.
Three trees from each chamber were harvested in October 1991, 1992, and 1993 (including complete root systems for all three harvested trees per chamber in 1991 and 1992 and for one tree per chamber in 1993). Seedlings were dried, weighed by component (foliage, branch, stem, and roots; in 1991 and 1992, branches were sufficiently trivial that their weights were included with those of stems), and analyzed as follows:
N: analyzed on a Perkin-Elmer 2400 CHN Analyzer
Other nutrients (P, S, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn): dry-ashed at 550 degrees Celsius for 4 h, dissolved in 5% (v/v) nitric acid, and analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy
In 1992, no elemental analyses were conducted for branches in the unchambered treatment.
Tree biomass for needles, stems (including branches), and roots was measured directly in 1991 for the trees analyzed for nutrient concentration. For 1992 and 1993, the following regression was established (based on measured diameters, heights, and biomass), relating biomass in grams for each component (Comp) to diameter (d), measured in mm at 10 cm, and height (h), measured in cm:
ln(Comp) = a + (b)ln(d2h), where a and b are regression constants given in the following table:
_____________________________________________________________
Component a b r2
_____________________________________________________________
1992 Harvest
Needles -2.9797 0.65540 0.692
Stems +
branches -4.8812 0.86967 0.724
Roots -4.9412 0.84429 0.615
1993 Harvest
Needles -6.2504 1.0395 0.729
Branches -12.173 1.4685 0.631
Stems -9.4724 1.3200 0.819
Roots -6.7686 1.038 0.868
______________________________________________________________
Measurements in 1993 were based on one whole tree, plus two additional tree tops, harvested per chamber. The user should note that two sets of height and diameter data are reported for 1993 (in association with the measured nutrient concentration data, and in association with the biomass data used to generate the regressions); the height and diameter measurements used to generate the regressions were taken a short time after the measurements at harvest.
In the data files and this documentation, the terms "leaf" and "needle" are equivalents, as are "stem" and "trunk."
Applications of the Data
These data may be used to study the effect of elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, in combination with various levels of nitrogen fertilization, on the growth and nutrient content of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.), an important timber species of western North America. Johnson et al. (1997) used the data documented in this numeric data package to evaluate two hypotheses: (1) that elevated CO2 would increase growth and yield of biomass per unit uptake of N even if N is limiting, and (2) that elevated CO2 would increase biomass yield per unit uptake of other, nonlimiting nutrients only by growth dilution.
For several years, research has been conducted on the effects of elevated carbon dioxide, alone or in combination with other factors such as the availability of water and nutrients, on many different wild and cultivated plant species. There has been a trend towards more realistic conditions: from flowerpot studies in growth chambers to open-top chamber studies (the experiment whose data are documented in this numeric data package is one such study), in which the plants are exposed to the atmosphere and in which the roots are not necessarily confined to pots. A further step towards realism was taken in the 1990s with the development of the FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment) studies (Ellsworth et al. 1995), in which plants are grown without confinement in chambers and carbon dioxide is typically released around the perimeter of the circular study area (with attention paid to wind speed and direction) in sufficient quantity to maintain desired concentrations of carbon dioxide within the study area.
An early review of the literature on the effects of elevated carbon dioxide on vegetation may be found in Strain and Cure (1985), while a recent review may be found in Amthor (1995). Two bibliographies that include much of the pertinent literature are Strain and Cure (1986) and Strain and Cure (1994). Curtis (1997) is an on-line data base that summarizes many studies of the effects of elevated carbon dioxide on woody vegetation.
Data Limitations and Restrictions
Users should appreciate that the study whose data are documented in this numeric data package suffers from the inherent limitation common to all open-top chambers studies: the plants are confined in chambers and therefore are not growing in completely natural conditions. For a critique of open-top chamber studies, and descriptions of other experimental approaches for measuring the responses of plants to elevated carbon dioxide, the user is referred to Allen et al. (1992) and Ceulemans and Mousseau (1994).
Johnson et al. (1997) have noted that observed declines in soil carbon and nitrogen during the study probably resulted from plowing that occurred before planting, rather than from the experimental treatment. It is possible that some observed changes in plant growth and nutrient content may also have been responses to plowing, rather than to the experimental treatment. That is, preplanting plowing may be considered a potential artifact of the experiment.
Users are cautioned against using sample tree averages to estimate treatment effects because that would yield a biased result; that is, the sample trees did not reflect the average dimensions of all trees in the chambers. An unbiased estimate of biomass and nutrient content can be obtained by applying regressions to the diameter and height measurements of all trees in the chambers.
References
- Allen, L.H., Jr., B.G. Drake, H.H. Rogers, and J.H. Shinn. 1992. Field techniques for exposure of plants and ecosystems to elevated CO2 and other trace gases. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 11:85-119.
- Amthor, J.S. 1995. Terrestrial higher-plant response to increasing atmospheric [CO2] in relation to the global carbon cycle. Global Change Biology 1:243-274.
- Ceulemans, R., and M. Mousseau. 1994. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on woody plants (Tansley Review No. 71). New Phytologist 127:425-446.
- Curtis, P.S. 1997. A Comprehensive Database of Woody Vegetation Responses to Elevated Atmospheric CO2. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy.
- Ellsworth, D.S., R. Orem, C. Huang, N. Phillips, and G.R. Hendrey. 1995. Leaf and canopy responses to elevated CO2 in a pine forest under free-air CO2 enrichment. Oecologia 104:139-146.
- Johnson, D.W., J.T. Ball, and R.F. Walker, 1997. Effects of CO2 and nitrogen fertilization on vegetation and soil nutrient content in juvenile ponderosa pine. Plant and Soil 190:29-40.
- Strain, B.R., and J.D. Cure (eds.). 1985. Direct effects of increasing carbon dioxide on vegetation. DOE/ER-0238. U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
- Strain, B.R., and J.D. Cure. 1986. Direct effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on plants and ecosystems: A bibliography with abstracts. ORNL/CDIC-13. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy.
- Strain, B.R., and J.D. Cure. 1994. Direct effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on plants and ecosystems: An updated bibliographic data base. ORNL/CDIAC-70. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy.
- Walker, R.F., D.R. Geisinger, D.W. Johnson, and J.T. Ball, 1997. Elevated atmospheric CO2 and soil N fertility effects on growth, mycorrhizal colonization, and xylem water potential of juvenile ponderosa pine in a field soil. Plant and Soil 195:25-36.
Quality-Assurance Checks and Data-Processing Activities Performed by CDIAC
An important part of the data-packaging process at the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) is the quality assurance (QA) of the data before their distribution. The QA process is an important component in the value-added concept of ensuring accurate, usable information. The complete QA of a data set can be a time-consuming process, since data received by CDIAC are rarely in condition for immediate distribution, regardless of source. The following summarizes the QA checks and data-processing performed on the data sets presented in this document:
- 1. The EXCEL (registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington) spreadsheet files were provided by the principal investigators.
- 2. Cell formulas contained in the spreadsheets received by CDIAC were checked for correctness using EXCEL and QUATTRO PRO (registered trademark of the Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada).
- 3. Values entered directly into the spreadsheets were verified wherever possible by values calculated from data already in the spreadsheets.
- 4. The files were simplified and reduced to include only direct measurements (of diameter, height, biomass, and nutrient concentrations); estimated values (e.g., biomass calculated from regressions, nutrient content derived from estimated biomass and measured concentration) and statistics were removed.
- 5. The files for the 1992 and 1993 data were compared with respect to carbon dioxide and nitrogen treatment levels, chamber label, and replicate number, to ensure correctness and consistency of nomenclature.
- 6. Variables were renamed for internal consistency, with the new names ranging from one to six characters each.
- 7. Spreadsheet files were reformatted into 1-2-3 (registered trademark of the Lotus Development Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts) *.wk1 spreadsheet files and converted into flat ASCII files, in which -9, -9.9, or -9.99 represent missing values.
How to Obtain the Data and Documentation
Listing of Files Provided
The following table lists the files distributed by CDIAC along with this documentation.
Table 1. List and description of the digital files ______________________________________________________________________________ File number Name Description File size (kB) ______________________________________________________________________________ 1 ndp061a.txt ASCII descriptive 90 information file 2 regr92.dat 1992 height, diameter, 5 and biomass data 3 regr93.dat 1993 height, diameter, 5 and biomass data 4 trees91.dat 1991 biomass and 9 nutrient data 5 trees92.dat 1992 height, diameter, 15 and nutrient data 6 trees93.dat 1993 height, diameter, 262 and nutrient data 7 regr92.wk1 spreadsheet file corresponding 14 to gr92.dat (File 2) 8 regr93.wk1 spreadsheet file corresponding 16 to regr93.dat (File 3) 9 trees91.wk1 spreadsheet file corresponding 27 to trees91.dat (File 4) 10 trees92.wk1 spreadsheet file corresponding 35 to trees92.dat (File 5) 11 trees93.wk1 spreadsheet file corresponding 400 to trees93.dat (File 6) 12 regr92.for FORTRAN 77 data retrieval 1 routine to read regr92.dat (File 2) 13 regr93.for FORTRAN 77 data retrieval 1 routine to read regr93.dat (File 3) 14 trees91.for FORTRAN 77 data retrieval 1 routine to read trees91.dat (File 4) 15 trees92.for FORTRAN 77 data retrieval 2 routine to read trees92.dat (File 5) 16 trees93.for FORTRAN 77 data retrieval 3 routine to read trees93.dat (File 6) 17 regr92.sas SAS data retrieval routine 1 to read regr92.dat (File 2) 18 regr93.sas SAS data retrieval routine 1 read regr93.dat (File 3) 19 trees91.sas SAS data retrieval routine 1 to read trees91.dat (File 4) 20 trees92.sas SAS data retrieval routine 1 to read trees92.dat (File 5) 21 trees93.sas SAS data retrieval routine 2 to read trees93.dat (File 6) ______________________________________________________________________________
Description Of The Documentation File
This file contains a detailed description of the data base (name of the numeric data package, principal investigators, keywords, background information, experimental setup and methods, applications of the data, data limitations and restrictions, references, QA checks and data-processing activities performed by CDIAC) and how to obtain the data and documentation. A description of the formats, units, and other pertinent information about each file associated with this database is included.
Description of the Data Files
Data Format and Units
The data contained in this NDP are available as both 1-2-3 spreadsheet files and flat ASCII files. SAS and FORTRAN programs designed to read each ASCII data file are also provided.
In all files, C (carbon dioxide treatment) is defined as follows:
1 = no chamber;
2 = ambient (350 microliters CO2 per liter air);
3 = 525 microliters CO2 per liter air;
4 = 700 microliters CO2 per liter air.
N (nitrogen treatment) is defined as follows:
1 = unfertilized;
2 = 10 g N per square meter per year;
3 = 20 g N per square meter per year.
Each variable label consists of up to six characters, where
BM denotes biomass,
BR denotes branch,
CC denotes a concentration (mass per unit mass) of a nutrient in plant tissue,
CD denotes candle (new shoots where needles have not come out yet),
CHBR denotes open-top chamber identification label,
CR denotes coarse root [the sum of medium root plus tap root (i.e., diameter >2 mm)],
DIA denotes diameter,
FO denotes foliage,
FR denotes fine root (diameter <2 mm),
HT denotes height,
LF denotes leaf (needle),
LR denotes lateral root,
MR denotes medium root (diameter from 2 mm to 1 cm),
N1 denotes first-flush needle (the first flush of needles in a given year),
N2 denotes second-flush needle (the second flush of needles in a given year),
NO denotes old needle (needles that appeared before 1993),
NS denotes senesced needle (brown needles that were about ready to fall off the tree),
REP denotes seedling replicate identification label,
RT denotes root,
ST denotes stem (includes branches in 1991 and 1992),
TB denotes trunk bottom (10 cm from the bottom of the trunk),
TM denotes trunk middle (halfway up the trunk),
TR denotes tap root,
TT denotes trunk top (the middle of the top shoot),
and where the standard chemical symbol (in all upper case) is used for elements. The general pattern for indicating nutrient concentrations (i.e., the final two letters are "CC") is that the first two letters indicate the plant tissue, and the following one or two letters indicate the nutrient; thus, "LFMNCC" represents the measured concentration of manganese in leaf tissue.
Flat ASCII Data Files
The following tables describe the contents and formats of the five flat ASCII files that are distributed with this data package. Missing values are represented by -9.99, with two exceptions: -9 represents missing values of REP in trees91.dat (File 4), and -9.9 represents missing values of HT in regr93.dat (File 3). The data files in this package do not contain any negative values other than the missing-value indicators. The following tables also indicate the column in the corresponding spreadsheet files in which each variable is found. For trees92.dat (File 5), the user should note that, for the sake of consistency of format, all data in columns >35 are shown with an apparent precision of two digits to the right of the decimal (i.e., hundredths of the specified unit); for trees93.dat (File 6), this applies to all data in columns >42. This should not be construed as the true precision of measurement; for many variables the user will observe only zeros to the right of the decimal (other than in the case of -9.99, the missing-value indicator).
The user is strongly urged to pay careful attention to the variable widths specified in the following tables and in the FORTRAN and SAS data retrieval programs provided with this package (*.for and *.sas, respectively). In some cases (i.e., where values occupy all the allotted six or seven spaces), adjacent values will run together, and there will be no space between adjacent values. Therefore, importing the data into a program with space or tab delimiters would produce erroneous results. It is highly recommended that the *.wk1files provided with this data package be used for spreadsheet applications.
- Table 2. Contents of regr92.dat (File 2)
- Table 3. Contents of regr93.dat (File 3)
- Table 4. Contents of trees91.dat (File 4)
- Table 5. Contents of trees92.dat (File 5)
- Table 6. Contents of trees93.dat (File 6)
1-2-3 Spreadsheet Files
Five 1-2-3 data files, from which the corresponding flat ASCII files described in the preceding section were generated, are also provided with this data package:
- regr92.wk1 (File 7) is the spreadsheet file from which regr92.dat was generated. The listing that describes the contents and format of regr92.dat also indicates the column of regr92.wk1 in which each variable is found.
- regr93.wk1 (File 8) is the spreadsheet file from which regr93.dat was generated. The listing that describes the contents and format of regr93.dat also indicates the column of regr93.wk1 in which each variable is found.
- trees91.wk1 (File 9) is the spreadsheet file from which trees91.dat was generated. The listing that describes the contents and format of trees91.dat also indicates the column of trees91.wk1 in which each variable is found.
- trees92.wk1 (File 10) is the spreadsheet file from which trees92.dat was generated. The listing that describes the contents and format of trees92.dat also indicates the column of trees92.wk1 in which each variable is found.
- trees93.wk1 (File 11) is the spreadsheet file from which trees93.dat was generated. The listing that describes the contents and format of trees93.dat also indicates the column of trees93.wk1 in which each variable is found.
Listing of the Fortran Data Retrieval Programs
This section lists the five FORTRAN data retrieval programs provided by CDIAC with this data base. Each program is designed to read one of the five flat ASCII data files.
regr92.for (File 12) - This file is designed to read file regr92.dat:
C ***REGR92.FOR***
C FORTRAN PROGRAM TO READ THE FILE REGR92.DAT FROM NDP-061A
C
INTEGER C, N, REP, HT
REAL DIA, LFBM, STBM, CRBM, FRBM
CHARACTER*6 CHBR
C
OPEN (UNIT=1, FILE='regr92.dat')
1 CONTINUE
READ(1,100,END=99) C, N, CHBR, REP, HT, DIA, LFBM, STBM,
+ CRBM, FRBM
100 FORMAT(2I6,A6,2I6,5F6.2)
C
GO TO 1
99 CONTINUE
STOP
END
regr93.for (File 13) - This file is designed to read file regr93.dat:
C ***REGR93.FOR***
C FORTRAN PROGRAM TO READ THE FILE REGR93.DAT FROM NDP-061A
C
INTEGER C, N, REP
REAL HT, DIA, LFBM, BRBM, STBM, RTBM
CHARACTER*6 CHBR
C
OPEN (UNIT=1, FILE='regr93.dat')
1 CONTINUE
READ(1,100,END=99) C, N, CHBR, REP, HT, DIA, LFBM, BRBM,
+ STBM, RTBM
100 FORMAT(2I6,A6,I6,2F6.1,4F6.2)
C
GO TO 1
99 CONTINUE
STOP
END
trees91.for (File 14) - This file is designed to read file trees91.dat:
C ***TREES91.FOR***
C FORTRAN PROGRAM TO READ THE FILE TREES91.DAT FROM NDP-061A
C
INTEGER C, N, REP, LFBCC, STBCC, RTBCC
REAL LFBM, STBM, RTBM, LFNCC, STNCC, RTNCC, LFCACC,
+ STCACC, RTCACC, LFKCC, STKCC, RTKCC, LFMGCC, STMGCC,
+ RTMGCC, LFPCC, STPCC, RTPCC, LFSCC, STSCC, RTSCC
CHARACTER*6 CHBR
C
OPEN (UNIT=1, FILE='trees91.dat')
1 CONTINUE
READ(1,100,END=99) C, N, CHBR, REP, LFBM, STBM, RTBM, LFNCC,
+ STNCC, RTNCC, LFBCC, STBCC, RTBCC, LFCACC, STCACC, RTCACC,
+ LFKCC, STKCC, RTKCC, LFMGCC, STMGCC, RTMGCC, LFPCC, STPCC,
+ RTPCC, LFSCC, STSCC, RTSCC
C
100 FORMAT(2I6,A6,I6,6F6.2,3I6,15F6.2)
C
GO TO 1
99 CONTINUE
STOP
END
trees92.for (File 15) - This file is designed to read file trees92.dat:
C ***TREES92.FOR***
C FORTRAN PROGRAM TO READ THE FILE TREES92.DAT FROM NDP-061A
C
INTEGER C, N, REP, HT
REAL DIA, LFNCC, BRNCC, STNCC, TRNCC, MRNCC, FRNCC,
+ LFCACC, STCACC, BRCACC, FRCACC, MRCACC, TRCACC,
+ LFMGCC, STMGCC, BRMGCC, FRMGCC, MRMGCC, TRMGCC,
+ LFSCC, STSCC, BRSCC, FRSCC, MRSCC, TRSCC,
+ LFCUCC, STCUCC, BRCUCC, FRCUCC, MRCUCC, TRCUCC,
+ LFMNCC, STMNCC, BRMNCC, FRMNCC, MRMNCC, TRMNCC,
+ LFZNCC, STZNCC, BRZNCC, FRZNCC, MRZNCC, TRZNCC,
+ LFKCC, STKCC, BRKCC, FRKCC, MRKCC, TRKCC,
+ LFPCC, STPCC, BRPCC, FRPCC, MRPCC, TRPCC,
+ LFBCC, STBCC, BRBCC, FRBCC, MRBCC, TRBCC,
+ LFFECC, STFECC, BRFECC, FRFECC, MRFECC, TRFECC
CHARACTER*7 CHBR
C
OPEN (UNIT=1, FILE='trees92.dat')
1 CONTINUE
READ(1,100,END=99) C, N, CHBR, REP, HT,
+ DIA, LFNCC, BRNCC, STNCC, TRNCC, MRNCC, FRNCC,
+ LFCACC, STCACC, BRCACC, FRCACC, MRCACC, TRCACC,
+ LFMGCC, STMGCC, BRMGCC, FRMGCC, MRMGCC, TRMGCC,
+ LFSCC, STSCC, BRSCC, FRSCC, MRSCC, TRSCC,
+ LFCUCC, STCUCC, BRCUCC, FRCUCC, MRCUCC, TRCUCC,
+ LFMNCC, STMNCC, BRMNCC, FRMNCC, MRMNCC, TRMNCC,
+ LFZNCC, STZNCC, BRZNCC, FRZNCC, MRZNCC, TRZNCC,
+ LFKCC, STKCC, BRKCC, FRKCC, MRKCC, TRKCC,
+ LFPCC, STPCC, BRPCC, FRPCC, MRPCC, TRPCC,
+ LFBCC, STBCC, BRBCC, FRBCC, MRBCC, TRBCC,
+ LFFECC, STFECC, BRFECC, FRFECC, MRFECC, TRFECC
C
100 FORMAT(2I7,A7,2I7,67F7.2)
C
GO TO 1
99 CONTINUE
STOP
END
trees93.for (File 16) - This file is designed to read file trees93.dat:
C ***TREES93.FOR***
C FORTRAN PROGRAM TO READ THE FILE TREES93.DAT FROM NDP-061A
C
INTEGER C, N, REP, HT
REAL DIA, N1CCC, N1NCC, N2CCC, N2NCC, CDCCC,
+ CDNCC, NOCCC, NONCC, NSCCC, NSNCC, BRCCC,
+ BRNCC, FRCCC, FRNCC, TRCCC, TRNCC, LRCCC,
+ LRNCC, TTCCC, TTNCC, TMCCC, TMNCC, TBCCC, TBNCC, NOPCC,
+ NOKCC, NOSCC, NOCACC, NOMGCC, NOMNCC, NOFECC, NOCUCC,
+ NOBCC, NOZNCC, TRPCC, TRKCC, TRSCC, TRCACC, TRMGCC, TRMNCC,
+ TRFECC, TRCUCC, TRBCC, TRZNCC, LRPCC, LRKCC, LRSCC, LRCACC,
+ LRMGCC, LRMNCC, LRFECC, LRCUCC, LRBCC, LRZNCC, FRPCC,
+ FRKCC, FRSCC, FRCACC, FRMGCC, FRMNCC, FRFECC, FRCUCC,
+ FRBCC, FRZNCC, BRPCC, BRKCC, BRSCC, BRCACC, BRMGCC,
+ BRMNCC, BRFECC, BRCUCC, BRBCC, BRZNCC, NSPCC, NSKCC,
+ NSSCC, NSCACC, NSMGCC, NSMNCC, NSFECC, NSCUCC, NSBCC,
+ NSZNCC, TTPCC, TTKCC, TTSCC, TTCACC, TTMGCC, TTMNCC,
+ TTFECC, TTCUCC, TTBCC, TTZNCC, TMPCC, TMKCC, TMSCC,
+ TMCACC, TMMGCC, TMMNCC, TMFECC, TMCUCC, TMBCC, TMZNCC,
+ TBPCC, TBKCC, TBSCC, TBCACC, TBMGCC, TBMNCC, TBFECC, TBCUCC,
+ TBBCC, TBZNCC, N1PCC, N1KCC, N1SCC, N1CACC, N1MGCC, N1MNCC,
+ N1FECC, N1CUCC, N1BCC, N1ZNCC, N2PCC, N2KCC, N2SCC, N2CACC,
+ N2MGCC, N2MNCC, N2FECC, N2CUCC,N2BCC, N2ZNCC, CDPCC, CDKCC,
+ CDSCC, CDCACC, CDMGCC, CDMNCC, CDFECC, CDCUCC, CDBCC, CDZNCC
CHARACTER*7 CHBR
C
OPEN (UNIT=1, FILE='trees93.dat')
1 CONTINUE
READ(1,100,END=99) C, N, CHBR, REP, HT, DIA, N1CCC,
+ N1NCC, N2CCC, N2NCC, CDCCC, CDNCC, NOCCC, NONCC, NSCCC,
+ NSNCC, BRCCC, BRNCC, FRCCC, FRNCC, TRCCC, TRNCC, LRCCC,
+ LRNCC, TTCCC, TTNCC, TMCCC, TMNCC, TBCCC, TBNCC, NOPCC,
+ NOKCC, NOSCC, NOCACC, NOMGCC, NOMNCC, NOFECC, NOCUCC,
+ NOBCC, NOZNCC, TRPCC, TRKCC, TRSCC, TRCACC, TRMGCC, TRMNCC,
+ TRFECC, TRCUCC, TRBCC, TRZNCC, LRPCC, LRKCC, LRSCC, LRCACC,
+ LRMGCC, LRMNCC, LRFECC, LRCUCC, LRBCC, LRZNCC, FRPCC,
+ FRKCC, FRSCC, FRCACC, FRMGCC, FRMNCC, FRFECC, FRCUCC,
+ FRBCC, FRZNCC, BRPCC, BRKCC, BRSCC, BRCACC, BRMGCC,
+ BRMNCC, BRFECC, BRCUCC, BRBCC, BRZNCC, NSPCC, NSKCC,
+ NSSCC, NSCACC, NSMGCC, NSMNCC, NSFECC, NSCUCC, NSBCC,
+ NSZNCC, TTPCC, TTKCC, TTSCC, TTCACC, TTMGCC, TTMNCC,
+ TTFECC, TTCUCC, TTBCC, TTZNCC, TMPCC, TMKCC, TMSCC,
+ TMCACC, TMMGCC, TMMNCC, TMFECC, TMCUCC, TMBCC, TMZNCC,
+ TBPCC, TBKCC, TBSCC, TBCACC, TBMGCC, TBMNCC, TBFECC, TBCUCC,
+ TBBCC, TBZNCC, N1PCC, N1KCC, N1SCC, N1CACC, N1MGCC, N1MNCC,
+ N1FECC, N1CUCC, N1BCC, N1ZNCC, N2PCC, N2KCC, N2SCC, N2CACC,
+ N2MGCC, N2MNCC, N2FECC, N2CUCC,N2BCC, N2ZNCC, CDPCC, CDKCC,
+ CDSCC, CDCACC, CDMGCC, CDMNCC, CDFECC, CDCUCC, CDBCC, CDZNCC
C
100 FORMAT(2I7,A7,2I7,F7.1,144F7.2)
C
GO TO 1
99 CONTINUE
STOP
END
Listing of the SAS Data Retrieval Programs
This section lists the five SAS data retrieval programs provided by CDIAC with this data base. Each program is designed to read one of the five flat ASCII data files.
regr92.sas (File 17) - This file is designed to read file regr92.dat:
*REGR92.SAS - SAS PROGRAM TO READ REGR92.DAT FROM NDP-061A; DATA REGR92; INFILE 'regr92.dat'; INPUT C 1-6 N 7-12 @13 CHBR $CHAR6. REP 19-24 HT 25-30 DIA 31-36 LFBM 37-42 STBM 43-48 CRBM 49-54 FRBM 55-60; RUN;
regr93.sas (File 18) - This file is designed to read file regr93.dat:
*REGR93.SAS - SAS PROGRAM TO READ REGR93.DAT FROM NDP-061A; DATA REGR93; INFILE 'regr93.dat'; INPUT C 1-6 N 7-12 @13 CHBR $CHAR6. REP 19-24 HT 25-30 DIA 31-36 LFBM 37-42 BRBM 43-48 STBM 49-54 RTBM 55-60; RUN;
trees91.sas (File 19) - This file is designed to read file trees91.dat:
*TREES91.SAS - SAS PROGRAM TO READ TREES91.DAT FROM NDP-061A; DATA TREES91; INFILE 'trees91.dat'; INPUT C 1-6 N 7-12 @13 CHBR $CHAR6. REP 19-24 LFBM 25-30 STBM 31-36 RTBM 37-42 LFNCC 43-48 STNCC 49-54 RTNCC 55-60 LFBCC 61-66 STBCC 67-72 RTBCC 73-78 LFCACC 79-84 STCACC 85-90 RTCACC 91-96 LFKCC 97-102 STKCC 103-108 RTKCC 109-114 LFMGCC 115-120 STMGCC 121-126 RTMGCC 127-132 LFPCC 133-138 STPCC 139-144 RTPCC 145-150 LFSCC 151-156 STSCC 157-162 RTSCC 163-168; RUN;
trees92.sas (File 20) - This file is designed to read file trees92.dat:
*TREES92.SAS - SAS PROGRAM TO READ TREES92.DAT FROM NDP-061A; DATA TREES92; INFILE 'trees92.dat' lrecl=504; INPUT C 1-7 N 8-14 @15 CHBR $CHAR7. REP 22-28 HT 29-35 DIA 36-42 LFNCC 43-49 BRNCC 50-56 STNCC 57-63 TRNCC 64-70 MRNCC 71-77 FRNCC 78-84 LFCACC 85-91 STCACC 92-98 BRCACC 99-105 FRCACC 106-112 MRCACC 113-119 TRCACC 120-126 LFMGCC 127-133 STMGCC 134-140 BRMGCC 141-147 FRMGCC 148-154 MRMGCC 155-161 TRMGCC 162-168 LFSCC 169-175 STSCC 176-182 BRSCC 183-189 FRSCC 190-196 MRSCC 197-203 TRSCC 204-210 LFCUCC 211-217 STCUCC 218-224 BRCUCC 225-231 FRCUCC 232-238 MRCUCC 239-245 TRCUCC 246-252 LFMNCC 253-259 STMNCC 260-266 BRMNCC 267-273 FRMNCC 274-280 MRMNCC 281-287 TRMNCC 288-294 LFZNCC 295-301 STZNCC 302-308 BRZNCC 309-315 FRZNCC 316-322 MRZNCC 323-329 TRZNCC 330-336 LFKCC 337-343 STKCC 344-350 BRKCC 351-357 FRKCC 358-364 MRKCC 365-371 TRKCC 372-378 LFPCC 379-385 STPCC 386-392 BRPCC 393-399 FRPCC 400-406 MRPCC 407-413 TRPCC 414-420 LFBCC 421-427 STBCC 428-434 BRBCC 435-441 FRBCC 442-448 MRBCC 449-455 TRBCC 456-462 LFFECC 463-469 STFECC 470-476 BRFECC 477-483 FRFECC 484-490 MRFECC 491-497 TRFECC 498-504; RUN;
trees93.sas (File 21) - This file is designed to read file trees93.dat:
*TREES93.SAS - SAS PROGRAM TO READ TREES93.DAT FROM NDP-061A; DATA TREES93; INFILE 'trees93.dat' lrecl=1050; INPUT C 1-7 N 8-14 @15 CHBR $CHAR7. REP 22-28 HT 29-35 DIA 36-42 N1CCC 43-49 N1NCC 50-56 N2CCC 57-63 N2NCC 64-70 CDCCC 71-77 CDNCC 78-84 NOCCC 85-91 NONCC 92-98 NSCCC 99-105 NSNCC 106-112 BRCCC 113-119 BRNCC 120-126 FRCCC 127-133 FRNCC 134-140 TRCCC 141-147 TRNCC 148-154 LRCCC 155-161 LRNCC 162-168 TTCCC 169-175 TTNCC 176-182 TMCCC 183-189 TMNCC 190-196 TBCCC 197-203 TBNCC 204-210 NOPCC 211-217 NOKCC 218-224 NOSCC 225-231 NOCACC 232-238 NOMGCC 239-245 NOMNCC 246-252 NOFECC 253-259 NOCUCC 260-266 NOBCC 267-273 NOZNCC 274-280 TRPCC 281-287 TRKCC 288-294 TRSCC 295-301 TRCACC 302-308 TRMGCC 309-315 TRMNCC 316-322 TRFECC 323-329 TRCUCC 330-336 TRBCC 337-343 TRZNCC 344-350 LRPCC 351-357 LRKCC 358-364 LRSCC 365-371 LRCACC 372-378 LRMGCC 379-385 LRMNCC 386-392 LRFECC 393-399 LRCUCC 400-406 LRBCC 407-413 LRZNCC 414-420 FRPCC 421-427 FRKCC 428-434 FRSCC 435-441 FRCACC 442-448 FRMGCC 449-455 FRMNCC 456-462 FRFECC 463-469 FRCUCC 470-476 FRBCC 477-483 FRZNCC 484-490 BRPCC 491-497 BRKCC 498-504 BRSCC 505-511 BRCACC 512-518 BRMGCC 519-525 BRMNCC 526-532 BRFECC 533-539 BRCUCC 540-546 BRBCC 547-553 BRZNCC 554-560 NSPCC 561-567 NSKCC 568-574 NSSCC 575-581 NSCACC 582-588 NSMGCC 589-595 NSMNCC 596-602 NSFECC 603-609 NSCUCC 610-616 NSBCC 617-623 NSZNCC 624-630 TTPCC 631-637 TTKCC 638-644 TTSCC 645-651 TTCACC 652-658 TTMGCC 659-665 TTMNCC 666-672 TTFECC 673-679 TTCUCC 680-686 TTBCC 687-693 TTZNCC 694-700 TMPCC 701-707 TMKCC 708-714 TMSCC 715-721 TMCACC 722-728 TMMGCC 729-735 TMMNCC 736-742 TMFECC 743-749 TMCUCC 750-756 TMBCC 757-763 TMZNCC 764-770 TBPCC 771-777 TBKCC 778-784 TBSCC 785-791 TBCACC 792-798 TBMGCC 799-805 TBMNCC 806-812 TBFECC 813-819 TBCUCC 820-826 TBBCC 827-833 TBZNCC 834-840 N1PCC 841-847 N1KCC 848-854 N1SCC 855-861 N1CACC 862-868 N1MGCC 869-875 N1MNCC 876-882 N1FECC 883-889 N1CUCC 890-896 N1BCC 897-903 N1ZNCC 904-910 N2PCC 911-917 N2KCC 918-924 N2SCC 925-931 N2CACC 932-938 N2MGCC 939-945 N2MNCC 946-952 N2FECC 953-959 N2CUCC 960-966 N2BCC 967-973 N2ZNCC 974-980 CDPCC 981-987 CDKCC 988-994 CDSCC 995-1001 CDCACC 1002-1008 CDMGCC 1009-1015 CDMNCC 1016-1022 CDFECC 1023-1029 CDCUCC 1030-1036 CDBCC 1037-1043 CDZNCC 1044-1050; RUN;
Partial Listings of the Flat ASCII Data Files
This section provides a sample listing of the first and last two data records in the five flat ASCII data files provided with this data base.
Sample listing for regr92.dat:
First two data records:
1 1 CL6 3 38 20.38 16.13 15.00 15.65 3.15
1 1 CL6 17 29 14.42 12.66 25.18 -9.99 -9.99
Last two data records:
4 3 D4 4 33 19.92 65.00 56.91 -9.99 -9.99
4 3 D4 15 43 23.99 41.42 51.87 -9.99 -9.99
Sample listing for regr93.dat:
First two data records:
1 1 CL6 7 52.4 27.8116.10 50.00 61.60 63.38
1 1 CL6 8 52.5 14.6 45.90 12.50 37.34 -9.99
Last two data records:
4 3 D4 11 53.1 39.4367.77 82.80208.85 -9.99
4 3 D4 21 53.5 40.4284.20 77.50318.40135.81
Sample listing for trees91.dat:
First two data records:
1 1 CL6 1 0.43 0.13 0.29 1.84 0.40 0.96 39 18 41
0.26 0.16 0.16 0.88 1.19 0.62 0.11 0.13 0.06 0.23 0.31 0.17 0.13
0.17 0.14
1 1 CL7 1 0.40 0.15 0.25 1.82 0.37 0.95 36 26 35
0.28 0.20 0.17 0.93 1.34 0.49 0.10 0.18 0.06 0.22 0.22 0.13 0.22
0.28 0.13
Last two data records:
4 3 C6 -9 1.07 0.45 0.59 1.15 0.61 0.69 33 21 21
0.30 0.24 0.16 0.82 1.19 0.39 0.09 0.17 0.07 0.24 0.31 0.13 0.11
0.18 0.11
4 3 D4 -9 1.22 0.33 0.89 1.15 0.54 0.51 42 21 17
0.24 0.18 0.13 0.77 1.16 0.46 0.09 0.12 0.06 0.22 0.25 0.14 0.13
0.17 0.11
Sample listing for trees92.dat:
First two data records:
1 1 CL6 3 38 20.38 2.25 -9.99 0.38 0.27 0.38
0.65 0.34 0.16 -9.99 0.33 0.22 0.19 0.14 0.10 -9.99 0.06
0.05 0.06 0.21 0.13 -9.99 0.04 0.03 0.05 3.60 4.50 -9.99
3.00 2.20 1.60 400.00 201.00 -9.99 63.00 55.00 77.00 77.00 64.00
-9.99 33.00 61.00 17.00 0.91 0.67 -9.99 0.06 0.04 0.13 0.24
0.11 -9.99 0.05 0.03 0.04 33.00 11.00 -9.99 19.00 11.00 9.00
472.00 623.00 -9.99 618.00 462.00 365.00
1 1 CL7 3 39 14.15 1.59 -9.99 0.29 0.34 0.28
0.51 0.50 0.14 -9.99 0.36 0.21 0.24 0.13 0.10 -9.99 0.07
0.05 0.07 0.19 0.12 -9.99 0.04 0.03 0.04 8.70 3.60 -9.99
2.80 2.00 3.10 414.00 176.00 -9.99 76.00 56.00 83.00 111.00 62.00
-9.99 23.00 19.00 19.00 0.77 0.70 -9.99 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.15
0.12 -9.99 0.04 0.03 0.04 38.00 22.00 -9.99 14.00 8.00 14.00
581.00 250.00 -9.99 756.00 353.00 354.00
Last two data records:
4 3 C6 3 31 21.20 1.40 -9.99 0.55 0.28 0.31
0.41 0.39 0.17 -9.99 0.33 0.20 0.23 0.12 0.12 -9.99 0.07
0.05 0.07 0.08 0.11 -9.99 0.04 0.02 0.04 2.40 2.50 -9.99
3.50 2.10 2.80 397.00 255.00 -9.99 89.00 64.00 88.00 61.00 46.00
-9.99 17.00 10.00 8.00 0.63 0.64 -9.99 0.03 0.03 0.09 0.13
0.21 -9.99 0.05 0.03 0.04 35.00 38.00 -9.99 15.00 8.00 11.00
401.00 436.00 -9.99 700.00 367.00 297.00
4 3 D4 3 41 20.56 1.36 0.58 0.16 0.33 0.33
0.47 0.28 0.07 0.33 0.19 0.10 0.17 0.13 0.09 0.15 0.05
0.04 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.04 4.20 8.80 5.30
2.20 3.50 1.90 280.00 116.00 271.00 79.00 56.00 94.00 66.00 29.00
58.00 21.00 13.00 14.00 0.62 0.40 0.63 0.07 0.08 0.16 0.12
0.05 0.10 0.04 0.03 0.04 27.00 8.00 14.00 11.00 7.00 11.00
286.00 43.00 11.00 499.00 251.00 239.00
Sample listing for trees93.dat:
First two data records:
1 1 CL6 1 93 34.8 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99
1 1 CL6 2 95 33.8 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99
Last two data records:
4 3 D4 19 97 41.8 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99
4 3 D4 21 114 40.0 38.69 1.06 -9.99 -9.99 49.87
1.11 49.66 1.36 -9.99 -9.99 49.37 0.66 45.81 0.58 48.24 0.15
47.84 0.31 48.11 0.58 47.94 0.21 47.87 0.18 0.12 0.46 0.14
0.35 0.20 105.20 395.40 3.00 25.00 38.00 0.03 0.19 0.05 0.08
0.06 53.40 139.20 5.00 8.00 15.00 0.07 0.29 0.08 0.14 0.09
80.00 404.00 4.00 7.00 16.00 0.11 0.25 0.10 0.25 0.10
99.001173.00 14.00 23.00 14.00 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 0.17 0.75 0.08 0.20 0.23 111.00 69.00 10.00
15.00 36.00 0.11 0.58 0.06 0.10 0.11 89.00 56.00 6.00 14.00
31.00 0.06 0.37 0.05 0.10 0.08 70.00 31.00 4.00 12.00 22.00
0.15 0.57 0.12 0.32 0.20 160.00 121.00 5.00 29.00 45.00 -9.99
-9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 -9.99 0.22 0.67
0.11 0.13 0.13 110.00
