The following is a listing of the files that comprise the CO₂-emissions database and are distributed along with this documentation. These files are available in numerous ways and on a variety of media (see Sect. 7, "How To Obtain The Data"). This listing has been organized to reflect a 9-track magnetic tape request. The record formats, record lengths, and block sizes shown are the default file parameters for those not specifying these parameters when requesting machine-readable data files on 9-track magnetic tape. The default tape density, tape labelling, and file characters are 6250 BPI, nonlabelled, and ASCII, respectively.

The following is a listing of the descriptive file (i.e., readme) provided by the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center along with this documentation and the other data files that comprise the CO₂-emissions database. This file is intended to provide all the information (i.e., variable descriptions, formats, units) needed by the user to understand the content and format of each data file.

Dataset Title: Estimates of Global, Regional, and National Annual CO₂ Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning, Hydraulic Cement Production, and Gas Flaring: 1950-1992

Principal Investigators

Tom Boden Gregg Marland Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6335

Bob Andres Institute of Northern Engineering School of Engineering University of Alaska-Fairbanks Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-5900

Source and Scope of the Data: The data files presented here include global, regional, and national estimates of CO₂ emissions from fossil-fuel burning, gas flaring, and cement production along with the data used to make these estimates. Global, regional, and national CO₂-emission estimates are provided for each year from 1950 to 1992. These CO₂-emission estimates were derived principally from energy statistics published by the United Nations (UN) and calculated using the methods of Marland and Rotty (1984). Emission estimates from cement production were derived solely from cement production data published by the U.S. Department of Interior's Bureau of Mines. Emission estimates from gas flaring were derived primarily from gas-flaring estimates provided in the UN Energy Statistics (UNSTAT) Database and were supplemented with flaring estimates furnished by the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration (DOE/EIA). Per capita estimates of CO₂ emissions are provided and were calculated with population data provided by the UN.

Data files: The following 28 files comprise the CO₂-emissions database.

• this descriptive file (readme),

• eight FORTRAN 77 input/output routines (*.for),

• eight SAS^® input/output routines (*.sas),

• three files containing subsets of the UNSTAT Database [gas (gas92.dat), liquid (liquid92.dat), and solid (solid92.dat) fuel energy statistics],

• one file that lists the UN country codes and the nations they represent (country.cod),

• one file containing UN conversion factors for converting solid fuel statistics from mass

• units to energy units (factor92.dat), one file containing U.S. Bureau of Mines hydraulic cement-production estimates (cement92.dat),

• one file containing gas-flaring estimates provided by the UN and DOE/EIA (flare92.dat),

• one file containing annual national CO₂-emission estimates (nation92.ems),

• one file containing annual regional CO₂-emission estimates (region92.ems),

• one file that lists the countries assigned to each of ten global regions (region.def), and

• one file containing annual global CO₂-emission estimates (global92.ems).

Data File Formats

Three files (gas92.dat, liquid92.dat, and solid92.dat) are provided that collectively offer the energy statistics from the UNSTAT Database that were used to generate the global, regional, and national CO₂-emission estimates. A single file is presented for each major fuel category (i.e., gas, liquid, and solid fuels) and each file is sorted in ascending order by a country code, year, and commodity code (e.g., AV = aviation gasoline, CL = coal). Therefore, all the data for Afghanistan (country code 004) are presented first and all the data for Zambia (country code 894) are presented last. The file gas92.dat contains 9513 records from 109 countries; the file liquid92.dat contains 124,909 records from 238 countries; and the file solid92.dat contains 29,441 records from 171 countries. The gas and solid files (gas92.dat and solid92.dat) may be read by using the following FORTRAN 77 format:

       CHARACTER CDTY*2,FORM*4,TRANS*7,QCODE*3
       INTEGER COUNTRY,YEAR,QUANTITY
       READ(5,20,END=999) COUNTRY,YEAR,CDTY,FORM,TRANS,
     1  QUANTITY,QCODE
 20    FORMAT(I3,1X,I4,1X,A2,1X,A4,1X,A7,1X,I11,1X,A3)

or by using the following SAS^® input statement:

input country 1-3 year 5-8 cdty $ 10-11 form $ 13-16 trans $ 18-24
      quantity 26-36 qcode $ 38-40;

The file containing the UNSTAT liquid fuel energy statistics (liquid92.dat) is formatted in a slightly different manner than the gas and liquid files and may be read by using the following FORTRAN 77 format:

       CHARACTER CDTY*2,FORM*7,TRANS*7,QCODE*3
       INTEGER COUNTRY,YEAR,QUANTITY
       READ(5,20,END=999) COUNTRY,YEAR,CDTY,FORM,TRANS,
     1  QUANTITY,QCODE
 20    FORMAT(I3,1X,I4,1X,A2,1X,A7,1X,A7,1X,I11,1X,A3)

or by using the following SAS^® input statement:

input country 1-3 year 5-8 cdty $ 10-11 form $ 13-19 trans $ 21-27
      quantity 29-39 qcode $ 41-43;

Stated in tabular form, the energy statistics subsets include the following. Differences between the file containing the liquid fuel energy statistics and the files containing the gas and solid fuel energy statistics are noted in parentheses.

The file country.cod provides a list of the 263 national and regional codes used in the UNSTAT Database and the countries or regions they denote (e.g., 004 Afghanistan). This file is needed to decipher the country codes in the files that contain the UN energy statistics and the file containing the national CO₂-emission estimates.

The file factor92.dat contains conversion factors provided by the UN to convert solid fuel statistics from mass units to energy units. It is necessary to use these conversion factors in order to account for differences in the heating values of different solid fuel commodities. The file contains conversion factors for domestic and imported solid fuels and is sorted by country, year, commodity, and fuel source. The file contains 8,964 conversion factors for 62 countries, has no missing values, and may be read by using the following FORTRAN 77 format:

         READ(5,20,END=999) COUNTRY,YEAR,CDTY,SOURCE,CONVERT
 20    FORMAT(I3,1X,I4,1X,A2,1X,A1,1X,I6)

or by using the following SAS^® input statement:

input country 1-3 year 5-8 cdty $ 10-11 source $ 13 convert 15-20;

Stated in tabular form, the contents of the file containing the UN conversion factors includes:

The file cement92.dat contains estimates of the amount of hydraulic cement produced annually by individual countries for the years 1950 to 1992. These records are a composite of the estimates compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and published annually in the Cement Minerals Yearbook. This file was used to calculate CO₂ emissions resulting from the release of CO₂ during cement production. The file contains 4685 records and provides annual cement production estimates for 166 countries. The file contains no missing values. Values of zero indicate that no cement was produced in a country during that year.

The file may be read by using the following FORTRAN 77 format:

      READ(5,10)
 10    FORMAT(//////)
 20    CONTINUE
       READ(5,25,END=999) COUNTRY,YEAR,QUANTITY,QCODE
 25    FORMAT(I3,1X,I4,1X,I8,1X,A3)

or by using the following SAS^® input statement:

input country 1-3 year 5-8 quantity 10-17 qcode $ 19-21;

Stated in tabular form, the cement production data file includes the following.

The file flare92.dat contains the annual amount of natural gas flared by individual countries in their oil fields. These values are derived principally from the UNSTAT Database, but 64 values were furnished by the DOE/EIA. The values furnished by DOE/EIA supplement, complete, replace, or improve gas flaring series for China, France, Norway, Oman, and the former USSR.

The gas-flaring data file provides 1340 records for 57 countries. The file contains no bonafide missing values. Zero values generally indicate that no gas was flared, except for 14 instances where we inserted zero values to temporarily complete data records. For China and France, some periods (1985-90 and 1983-90, respectively) exist where no annual gas-flaring estimates were available. Although we recognize that flaring occurred in these countries at these times, we felt uncomfortable inserting our own estimates and instead inserted zeros with the hope that in the future we will be able to replace these markers with reasonable estimates from reliable sources.

The gas-flaring data file may be read by using the following FORTRAN 77 format statement:

        READ(5,20,END=999) COUNTRY,YEAR,QUANTITY
 20    FORMAT(I3,1X,I4,1X,F10.2)

or by using the following SAS^® input statement:

input country 1-3 year 5-8 quantity 10-19;

Stated in tabular form, the gas flaring data file includes the following:

File nation92.ems contains the national annual CO₂-emission and per capita CO₂-emission estimates for 240 countries. Most countries have emission records for the period 1950 to 1992. The file is sorted by country code, in ascending order, and year. These emission estimates were derived from the UN energy statistics, UN population data, DOE/EIA gas flaring estimates, and U.S. Bureau of Mines cement manufacturing data, respectively. All CO₂-emission estimates are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon. The per capita CO₂-emission rates are expressed in tons of carbon person^-1 year^-1. The file contains 8080 records and may be read by using the following FORTRAN 77 format:

      READ(5,20,END=999) COUNTRY,YEAR,CO2TOT,CO2GAS,CO2LIQ,
     1  CO2SOL,CO2CEM,CO2FLA,PERCAP,BUNKER
 20    FORMAT(I3,1X,I4,1X,I11,1X,I9,1X,I9,1X,I9,1X,I7,1X,
     1  I7,1X,F6.2,1X,A6)

or by using the following SAS^® input statement:

input country 1-3 year 5-8 co2tot 10-20 co2gas 22-30
      co2liq 32-40 co2sol 42-50 co2cem 52-58 co2fla 60-66
      @68 percap 6.2 bunker 75-80;

Stated in tabular form, the national CO₂-emissions data file includes the following:

Missing values are represented as blank fields in the data file. Many countries will have missing values for the bunker emission estimates.

File region92.ems contains the regional CO₂-emission and per capita estimates. Annual emission estimates are provided for ten regions for the period 1950-1992. The file contains 430 observations, no missing values, and may be read by using the following FORTRAN 77 format:

      READ(5,20,END=999) REGION,YEAR,CO2TOT,CO2GAS,CO2LIQ,
     1  CO2SOL,CO2CEM,CO2FLA,PERCAP
 20    FORMAT(A3,1X,I4,1X,I9,1X,I9,1X,I9,1X,I9,1X,I6,1X,
     1  I6,1X,F5.2)

or by using the following SAS^® input statement:

input region $ year co2tot co2gas co2liq co2sol co2cem co2fla percap;

Stated in tabular form, the regional CO₂-emissions data file includes the following:

The file region.def lists the country codes assigned to each of ten global regions. The user will need to refer to Tables 1 or 2 of the documentation or the file country.cod to translate the country codes.

The file global92.ems contains the global annual CO₂-emission and per capita estimates for the period 1950-1992. All CO₂-emission estimates are expressed in million metric tons of carbon. The per capita CO₂-emission rates are given in metric tons of carbon person^-1 year^-1. The file contains 43 observations, no missing values, and may be read by using the following FORTRAN 77 format:

        REAL PERCAP
       INTEGER YEAR,CO2TOT,CO2GAS,CO2LIQ,CO2SOL,CO2CEM,
     1    CO2FLA
       READ(5,10)
 10    FORMAT(//////)
 15    CONTINUE
       READ(5,20,END=999) YEAR,CO2TOT,CO2GAS,CO2LIQ,
     1  CO2SOL,CO2CEM,CO2FLA,PERCAP
 20    FORMAT(I4,5X,I4,6X,I4,6X,I4,6X,I4,7X,I3,7X,
     1  I3,6X,F4.2)

or by using the following SAS^® input statement:

input year co2tot co2gas co2liq co2sol co2cem co2fla percap;

Stated in tabular form, the global annual CO₂-emissions data file includes the following:

The following is a listing of the FORTRAN 77 data retrieval program (energy92.for) to read and print the files containing the gas or solid fuel statistics extracted from the United Nations Energy Statistics Database.

c  ********************************************
c  ** FORTRAN 77 code to read and print     ***
c  ** the United Nations energy statistics  ***
c  ** used in calculating global, regional, ***
c  ** and national CO2 emissions from       ***
c  ** 1950-1992                             ***
c  ********************************************

       CHARACTER CDTY*2,FORM*4,TRANS*7,QCODE*3
       INTEGER COUNTRY,YEAR,QUANTITY
       OPEN(UNIT=5,FILE='solid92.dat')
       WRITE(6,5)
  5    FORMAT('Country',23X,'Primary or',3X,'Transaction',4X,
     1 'Amount of',5X,'Units',/,2X,'Code',3X,'Year',3X,'Commodity',3X,
     2 'Secondary Fuel',4X,'Code',5X,'Fuel Transacted',3X,
     3 'Code')
       READ(5,10)
 10    FORMAT(////////////)
 15    CONTINUE
       READ(5,20,END=999) COUNTRY,YEAR,CDTY,FORM,TRANS,
     1  QUANTITY,QCODE
 20    FORMAT(I3,1X,I4,1X,A2,1X,A4,1X,A7,1X,I11,1X,A3)
       WRITE(6,25) COUNTRY,YEAR,CDTY,FORM,TRANS,QUANTITY,
     1  QCODE
 25    FORMAT(3X,I3,3X,I4,6X,A2,12X,A4,9X,A7,5X,I11,5X,A3)
       GOTO 15
999    CONTINUE
       CLOSE(UNIT=5)
       CLOSE(UNIT=6)
       STOP
       END

The following is a listing of the FORTRAN 77 data retrieval program (liquid92.for) to read and print the file containing the liquid fuel statistics extracted from the United Nations Energy Statistics Database.

c  ********************************************
c  ** FORTRAN 77 code to read and print     ***
c  ** the United Nations liquid energy      ***
c  ** statistics used in calculating global,***
c  ** regional, and national CO2 emissions  ***
c  ** from 1950-1992                        ***
c  ********************************************

       CHARACTER CDTY*2,FORM*7,TRANS*7,QCODE*3
       INTEGER COUNTRY,YEAR,QUANTITY
       OPEN(UNIT=5,FILE='liquid92.dat')
       WRITE(6,5)
  5    FORMAT('Country',23X,'Primary or',3X,'Transaction',7X,
     1 'Amount of',5X,'Units',/,2X,'Code',3X,'Year',3X,'Commodity',3X,
     2 'Secondary Fuel',4X,'Code',8X,'Fuel Transacted',3X,
     3 'Code')
       READ(5,10)
 10    FORMAT(////////////)
 15    CONTINUE
       READ(5,20,END=999) COUNTRY,YEAR,CDTY,FORM,TRANS,
     1  QUANTITY,QCODE
 20    FORMAT(I3,1X,I4,1X,A2,1X,A7,1X,A7,1X,I11,1X,A3)
       WRITE(6,25) COUNTRY,YEAR,CDTY,FORM,TRANS,QUANTITY,
     1  QCODE
 25    FORMAT(3X,I3,3X,I4,6X,A2,12X,A7,9X,A7,5X,I11,5X,A3)
       GOTO 15
999    CONTINUE
       CLOSE(UNIT=5)
       CLOSE(UNIT=6)
       STOP
       END

The following is a listing of the FORTRAN 77 data retrieval program (factor92.for) to read and print the UN conversion factor file.

c  ********************************************
c  ** FORTRAN 77 code to read and print     ***
c  ** the file containing the conversion    ***
c  ** factors to used to convert solid fuels***
c  ** reported in mass units to energy units***
c  ********************************************

       CHARACTER CDTY*2,SOURCE*1
       INTEGER COUNTRY,YEAR,CONVERT
       OPEN(UNIT=5,FILE='factor92.dat')
       WRITE(6,5)
  5    FORMAT('Country',11X,'Fuel',5X,'Fuel',3X,'Conversion',
     1 /,2X,'Code',3X,'Year',2X,'Commodity',2X,'Source',4X,
     2 'Factor')
       READ(5,10)
 10    FORMAT(////////////)
 15    CONTINUE
       READ(5,20,END=999) COUNTRY,YEAR,CDTY,SOURCE,CONVERT
 20    FORMAT(I3,1X,I4,1X,A2,1X,A1,1X,I6)
       WRITE(6,25) COUNTRY,YEAR,CDTY,SOURCE,CONVERT
 25    FORMAT(3X,I3,3X,I4,6X,A2,8X,A1,5X,I6)
       GOTO 15
999    CONTINUE
       WRITE(6,30)
 30    FORMAT('Source refers to the commodity source (i.e., D=domestic,
     1 I=imports,',/,'  and C=weighted average of the conversion factor 
     2 for domestic production and imports).',/,'Conversion factors are
     3 expressed in Kcal/Kg.')
       CLOSE(UNIT=5)
       CLOSE(UNIT=6)
       STOP
       END

The following is a listing of the FORTRAN 77 data retrieval program (cement92.for) to read and print the hydraulic cement production data file.

c  ********************************************
c  ** FORTRAN 77 code to read and print     ***
c  ** the 1950-92 annual cement production  ***
c  ** estimates for individual countries    ***
c  ** provided by the U.S. Bureau of Mines  ***
c  ********************************************

       CHARACTER QCODE*3
       INTEGER COUNTRY,YEAR,QUANTITY
       OPEN(UNIT=5,FILE='cement92.dat')
       WRITE(6,5)
  5    FORMAT(14X,'AMOUNT OF',/,16X,'CEMENT',4X,'UNIT',
     1 /,'COUNTRY',2X,'YEAR',2X,'PRODUCED',2X,'CODES')
       READ(5,10)
 10    FORMAT(////////////)
 20    CONTINUE
       READ(5,25,END=999) COUNTRY,YEAR,QUANTITY,QCODE
 25    FORMAT(I3,1X,I4,1X,I8,1X,A3)
       WRITE(6,30) COUNTRY,YEAR,QUANTITY,QCODE
 30    FORMAT(2X,I3,4X,I4,2X,I8,3X,A3)
       GOTO 20
999    CONTINUE
       CLOSE(UNIT=5)
       CLOSE(UNIT=6)
       STOP
       END

The following is a listing of the FORTRAN 77 data retrieval program (flare92.for) to read and print the gas-flaring data file.

c  ********************************************
c  ** FORTRAN 77 code to read and print     ***
c  ** the 1950-92 annual gas flaring        ***
c  ** estimates for individual countries    ***
c  ********************************************

       REAL QUANTITY
       INTEGER COUNTRY,YEAR
       OPEN(UNIT=5,FILE='flare92.dat')
       WRITE(6,5)
  5    FORMAT(16X,'AMOUNT OF',/,'COUNTRY',9X,
     1 'GAS FLARED',/,2X,'CODE',3X,'YEAR',2X,'(TERAJOULES)')
       READ(5,10)
 10    FORMAT(////////////)
 15    CONTINUE
       READ(5,20,END=999) COUNTRY,YEAR,QUANTITY
 20    FORMAT(I3,1X,I4,1X,F10.2)
       WRITE(6,25) COUNTRY,YEAR,QUANTITY
 25    FORMAT(2X,I3,4X,I4,2X,F10.2)
       GOTO 15
999    CONTINUE
       CLOSE(UNIT=5)
       CLOSE(UNIT=6)
       STOP
       END

The following is a listing of the FORTRAN 77 data retrieval program (nation92.for) to read and print the file containing the national CO₂-emission estimates.

c  ********************************************
c  ** FORTRAN 77 code to read and print     ***
c  ** the 1950-92 national CO2 emission     ***
c  ** estimates from fossil fuel burning,   ***
c  ** hydraulic cement production, and gas  ***
c  ** flaring                               ***
c  ********************************************

       CHARACTER*6 BUNKER
       REAL PERCAP
       INTEGER COUNTRY,YEAR,CO2TOT,CO2GAS,CO2LIQ,CO2SOL,
     1    CO2CEM,CO2FLA
       OPEN(UNIT=5,FILE='nation92.ems')
       WRITE(6,5)
  5    FORMAT(24X,'CO2 Emissions (thousand metric tons of carbon)',
     1 //,'Country',23X,'Gas',5X,'Liquid',5X,'Solid',6X,'Cement',
     2 7X,'Gas',6X,'Per',/,2X,'Code',3X,'Year',6X,'Total',5X,'Fuels',
     3 5X,'Fuels',5X,'Fuels',4X,'Production',3X,'Flaring',2X,
     4 'Capita',3X,'Bunkers')
       READ(5,10)
 10    FORMAT(////////////)
 15    CONTINUE
       READ(5,20,END=999) COUNTRY,YEAR,CO2TOT,CO2GAS,CO2LIQ,
     1  CO2SOL,CO2CEM,CO2FLA,PERCAP,BUNKER
 20    FORMAT(I3,1X,I4,1X,I11,1X,I9,1X,I9,1X,I9,1X,I7,1X,
     1  I7,1X,F6.2,1X,A6)
       WRITE(6,25) COUNTRY,YEAR,CO2TOT,CO2GAS,CO2LIQ,
     1  CO2SOL,CO2CEM,CO2FLA,PERCAP,BUNKER
 25    FORMAT(3X,I3,3X,I4,I11,1X,I9,1X,I9,1X,I9,6X,I7,4X,
     1  I7,2X,F6.2,4X,A6)
       GOTO 15
999    CONTINUE
       WRITE(6,30)
 30    FORMAT('Per capita emission estimates are expressed in metric ton 
     1s of carbon.')
       CLOSE(UNIT=5)
       CLOSE(UNIT=6)
       STOP
       END

The following is a listing of the FORTRAN 77 data retrieval program (region92.for) to read and print the file containing the regional CO₂-emission estimates.

c  ********************************************
c  ** FORTRAN 77 code to read and print     ***
c  ** the 1950-92 regional CO2 emission     ***
c  ** estimates from fossil fuel burning,   ***
c  ** hydraulic cement production, and gas  ***
c  ** flaring                               ***
c  ********************************************

       CHARACTER REGION*3
       REAL PERCAP
       INTEGER YEAR,CO2TOT,CO2GAS,CO2LIQ,CO2SOL,CO2CEM,
     1    CO2FLA
       OPEN(UNIT=5,FILE='region92.ems')
       WRITE(6,5)
  5    FORMAT(22X,'CO2 Emissions (thousand metric tons of carbon)',
     1 //,'Region',22X,'Gas',5X,'Liquid',5X,'Solid',6X,'Cement',
     2 7X,'Gas',6X,'Per',/,1X,'Code',3X,'Year',5X,'Total',5X,'Fuels',
     3 5X,'Fuels',5X,'Fuels',4X,'Production',3X,'Flaring',2X,
     4 'Capita')
       READ(5,10)
 10    FORMAT(////////////)
 15    CONTINUE
       READ(5,20,END=999) REGION,YEAR,CO2TOT,CO2GAS,CO2LIQ,
     1  CO2SOL,CO2CEM,CO2FLA,PERCAP
 20    FORMAT(A3,1X,I4,1X,I9,1X,I9,1X,I9,1X,I9,1X,I6,1X,
     1  I6,1X,F5.2)
       WRITE(6,25) REGION,YEAR,CO2TOT,CO2GAS,CO2LIQ,
     1  CO2SOL,CO2CEM,CO2FLA,PERCAP
 25    FORMAT(2X,A3,3X,I4,1X,I9,1X,I9,1X,I9,1X,I9,6X,I6,4X,
     1  I6,4X,F5.2)
       GOTO 15
999    CONTINUE
       WRITE(6,30)
 30    FORMAT('Per capita emission estimates are expressed in metric ton
     1s of carbon.')
       CLOSE(UNIT=5)
       CLOSE(UNIT=6)
       STOP
       END

The following is a listing of the FORTRAN 77 data retrieval program (global92.for) provided to read and print the file containing the global annual CO₂-emission estimates.

c  ********************************************
c  ** FORTRAN 77 code to read and print     ***
c  ** the 1950-92 global CO2 emission       ***
c  ** estimates from fossil fuel burning,   ***
c  ** hydraulic cement production, and gas  ***
c  ** flaring                               ***
c  ********************************************

       REAL PERCAP
       INTEGER YEAR,CO2TOT,CO2GAS,CO2LIQ,CO2SOL,CO2CEM,
     1    CO2FLA
       OPEN(UNIT=5,FILE='global92.ems')
       WRITE(6,5)
  5    FORMAT(13X,'CO2 Emissions (million metric tons of carbon)',
     1 //,20X,'Gas',5X,'Liquid',4X,'Solid',5X,'Cement',
     2 7X,'Gas',6X,'Per',/,'Year',5X,'Total',5X,'Fuels',5X,
     3 'Fuels',4X,'Fuels',3X,'Production',3X,'Flaring',2X,
     4 'Capita')
       READ(5,10)
 10    FORMAT(////////////)
 15    CONTINUE
       READ(5,20,END=999) YEAR,CO2TOT,CO2GAS,CO2LIQ,
     1  CO2SOL,CO2CEM,CO2FLA,PERCAP
 20    FORMAT(I4,5X,I4,6X,I4,6X,I4,6X,I4,7X,I3,7X,
     1  I3,6X,F4.2)
       WRITE(6,25) YEAR,CO2TOT,CO2GAS,CO2LIQ,
     1  CO2SOL,CO2CEM,CO2FLA,PERCAP
 25    FORMAT(I4,5X,I4,6X,I4,6X,I4,6X,I4,7X,I3,7X,
     1  I3,6X,F4.2)
       GOTO 15
999    CONTINUE
       WRITE(6,30)
 30    FORMAT('Per capita emission estimates are expressed in metric ton
     1s of carbon.')
       CLOSE(UNIT=5)
       CLOSE(UNIT=6)
       STOP
       END

The following is a listing of the SAS^® data retrieval program (energy92.sas) provided by CDIAC to read and print the files containing the UN gas or solid energy statistics.

data energy;
infile 'gas92.dat' firstobs=14;
input country 1-3 year 5-8 cdty  $ 10-11 form $ 13-16 trans $ 18-24
      quantity 26-36 qcode $ 38-40;
proc print;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS^® data retrieval program (liquid92.sas) provided by CDIAC to read and print the file containing the UN liquid energy statistics.

data liquid;
infile 'liquid92.dat' firstobs=14;
input country 1-3 year 5-8 cdty $ 10-11 form $ 13-19 trans $ 21-27
    quantity 29-39 qcode $ 41-43;
proc print;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS^® data retrieval program (factor92.sas) provided by CDIAC to read and print the file containing the United Nations conversion factors.

data factor;
infile 'factor92.dat' firstobs=14;
input country 1-3 year 5-8 cdty $ 10-11 source $ 13 convert 15-20;
proc print;
var year cdty source convert;
id country;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS^® data retrieval program (cement92.sas) provided by CDIAC to read and print the cement production data file.

data cement;
infile 'cement92.dat' firstobs=14;
;
*********************************************************************
*** SAS code to read and print the file containing the 1950-1992  ***
*** annual hydraulic cement production estimates for individual   ***
*** countries                                                     ***
*********************************************************************
;
input country 1-3 year 5-8 quantity 10-17 qcode $ 19-21;
proc print;
var year quantity qcode;
id country;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS^® data retrieval program (flare92.sas) provided by CDIAC to read and print the natural gas-flaring data file.

data flare;
infile 'flare92.dat' firstobs=14;
;
*********************************************************************
*** SAS code to read and print the file containing the 1950-1992  ***
*** annual gas flaring estimates for individual countries         ***
*********************************************************************
;
input country 1-3 year 5-8 quantity 10-19;
proc print;
var year quantity;
id country;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS ^® data retrieval program (nation92.sas) provided by CDIAC to read and print the file containing the national CO₂-emission estimates.

data nation;
infile 'nation92.ems' firstobs=14;
****************************************************
*** read and print the data file (nation92.ems)  ***
*** containing national CO2 emissions from fossil***
*** fuel burning, cement production, and gas     ***
*** flaring for 1950-1992                        ***
****************************************************
;
input country 1-3 year 5-8 co2tot 10-20 co2gas 22-30
      co2liq 32-40 co2sol 42-50 co2cem 52-58 co2fla 60-66
      @68 percap 6.2 bunker 75-80;
proc print;
var year co2tot co2gas co2liq co2sol co2cem co2fla percap bunker;
id country;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS^® data retrieval program (region92.sas) provided by CDIAC to read and print the file containing the regional CO₂-emission estimates.

data region;
infile 'region92.ems' firstobs=14;
****************************************************
*** read and print the data file (region92.ems)  ***
*** containing regional CO2 emissions from fossil***
*** fuel burning, cement production, and gas     ***
*** flaring for 1950-1992                        ***
****************************************************
;
input region $ year co2tot co2gas co2liq co2sol co2cem co2fla percap;
proc print;
var year co2tot co2gas co2liq co2sol co2cem co2fla percap;
id region;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS^® data retrieval program (global92.sas) provided by CDIAC to read and print the file containing the global annual CO₂-emission estimates.

data globe;
infile 'global92.ems' firstobs=14;
****************************************************
*** read and print the data file (global92.ems)  ***
*** containing global CO2 emissions from fossil  ***
*** fuel burning, cement production, and gas     ***
*** flaring for 1950-1992                        ***
****************************************************

;
input year co2tot co2gas co2liq co2sol co2cem co2fla percap;
proc print;
var co2tot co2gas co2liq co2sol co2cem co2fla percap;
id year;
run;

The files containing the CO₂-emission estimates, cement production data, gas-flaring estimates, and energy statistics may be read using the FORTRAN 77 or SAS^® input/output routines provided. Users should verify that the data have been correctly transported to their systems by generating some or all of the statistics presented in Tables 8-16. These statistics were generated in SAS^® (using the PROC MEANS procedure), but may be duplicated by using other statistical packages or languages. If the statistics generated by the user differ from those presented here, the data sets may have been corrupted in transport.

These statistics are presented only as a tool to ensure proper reading of the data sets. They arenot to be construed as summarizing the CO₂ emissions results or energy statistics.

The following is a listing of the SAS^® program used to generate the statistics in Table 8.

data energy;
infile 'gas92.dat' firstobs=14;
input country 1-3 year 5-8 cdty  $ 10-11 form $ 13-16 trans $ 18-24
      quantity 26-36 qcode $ 38-40;
proc means n min max mean maxdec=2;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS^® program used to generate the statistics in Table 9.

data liquid;
infile 'liquid92.dat' firstobs=14;
input country 1-3 year 5-8 cdty $ 10-11 form $ 13-19 trans $ 21-27
    quantity 29-39 qcode $ 41-43;
proc means n min max mean maxdec=2;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS^® program used to generate the statistics in Table 10.

data energy;
infile 'solid92.dat' firstobs=14;
input country 1-3 year 5-8 cdty  $ 10-11 form $ 13-16 trans $ 18-24
      quantity 26-36 qcode $ 38-40;
proc means n min max mean maxdec=2;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS^® program used to generate the statistics in Table 11.

data factor;
infile 'factor92.dat' firstobs=14;
input country 1-3 year 5-8 cdty $ 10-11 source $ 13 convert 15-20;
proc means n min max mean maxdec=2;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS^® program used to generate the statistics in Table 12.

data cement;
infile 'cement92.dat' firstobs=14;
input country 1-3 year 5-8 quantity 10-17 qcode $ 19-21;
proc means n min max mean maxdec=3;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS^® program used to generate the statistics in Table 13.

data flare;
infile 'flare92.dat' firstobs=14;
input country 1-3 year 5-8 quantity 10-19;
proc means n min max mean maxdec=2;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS^® program used to generate the statistics in Table 14.

data nation;
infile 'nation92.ems' firstobs=14;
input country 1-3 year 5-8 co2tot 10-20 co2gas 22-30 co2liq 32-40
    co2sol 42-50 co2cem 52-58 co2fla 60-66 @68 percap 6.2 bunker    
75-80;
proc means n min max mean maxdec=2;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS^® program used to generate the statistics in Table 15.

data region;
infile 'region92.ems' firstobs=14;
input region $ year co2tot co2gas co2liq co2sol co2cem co2fla percap;
proc means n min max mean maxdec=2;
run;

The following is a listing of the SAS^® program used to generate the statistics in Table 16.

data globe;
infile 'global92.ems' firstobs=14;
input year co2tot co2gas co2liq co2sol co2cem co2fla percap;
proc means n min max mean maxdec=2;
run;