CDIAC is working on the following new or updated NDPs and hopes to have them available (both in printed format and online) in FY 1998. Several have already been completed and are available as noted.

New NDPs

• NDP-026C
  

  Extended Edited Synoptic Cloud Reports from Ships and Land Stations over the Globe: 1952-1996 (NDP-026C), by Carole Hahn (University of Arizona, Tucson). This comprehensive database will extend the NDP-026 series of surface-observed cloud databases to include observations over oceans from 1952-1995 and over land from 1971-1996.

• NDP-066
  

  Carbon Dioxide, Hydrographic, and Chemical Data Obtained during the R/V Meteor Cruise 22/5 in the South Atlantic Ocean (WOCE Section A10, December 1992-January 1993 (ORNL/CDIAC-113, NDP-066), by Kenneth M. Johnson and Douglas W. R. Wallace (Brookhaven National Laboratory), Bernd Schneider (Baltic Sea Research Institute), Ludger Mintrop (Institute for Marine Sciences), and prepared by Alex Kozyr (CDIAC). This data documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide (TCO₂) and total alkalinity (TALK) at hydrographic stations, as well as the underway partial pressure of CO₂ (PCO₂) during the R/V Meteor Cruise 22/5 in the South Atlantic Ocean (Section A10). Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the cruise began in Rio de Janeiro on December 17, 1992, and ended after 36 days at sea in Capetown, South Africa, on January 31, 1993. Measurements made along WOCE Section A10 included pressure, temperature, and salinity [measured by conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensor], bottle salinity, bottle oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, silicate, cholorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12), TCO₂, TALK, and underway pCO₂.
  Completed November 1998. (http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/oceans/ndp_066/ndp066.html)

• NDP-067
  

  The International Intercomparison Exercise of Underway fCO₂ Systems during the R/V Meteor Cruise 36/1 in the North Atlantic Ocean (ORNL/CDIAC-114, NDP-067), by A. Koertzinger, L. Mintrop, J. C. Duinker (University of Kiel) and prepared by Alex Kozyr (CDIAC). Measurements of the fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO₂) in surface seawater are an important part of studies of the global carbon cycle and its anthropogenic perturbation. An important step toward the thorough interpretation of the vast amount of available fCO₂ data is the establishment of a database system that would make such measurements more widely available for use in understanding the basin- and global-scale distribution of fCO₂ and its influence on the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO₂. Such an effort, however, is based on knowledge of the comparability of data sets from different laboratories. An International Intercomparison Exercise of Underway fCO₂ Systems was proposed and carried out by the Institute of Marine Research at the University of Kiel during the R/V Meteor Cruise 36/1 from Hamilton, Bermuda, to Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain. Nine groups from six countries (Australia, Denmark, Germany, France, Japan, and the United States) participated in this ambitious exercise, bringing together 15 participants with seven underway fCO₂ systems, one discrete fCO₂ system and two underway pH systems, as well as discrete systems for alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon. This report presents only the results of the underway measurements of fCO₂.
  Completed January 1999. (http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/oceans/ndp_067/ndp067.html)

• NDP-068
  

  Tropical Southeast Asia: Land Cover and Biomass-Carbon Estimates for 1980, by Sandra Brown (Oregon State University) and Anantha Prasad and Louis Iverson (U.S. Forest Service). This is the fourth database to be published by CDIAC concerning carbon fluxes to the atmosphere from tropical land-use changes. The database consists of estimates of geographically referenced carbon densities of forest soils and vegetation in tropical Asia. The vegetation carbon densities are based on potential carbon estimates, which are derived from climatic, edaphic, and geomorphic indices and vegetation and are subsequently modified on the basis of population densities, climate, and vegetation data. The soil organic carbon estimates are calculated from pedon data for tropical forests and mapped to a texture/climate map for all of tropical Asia.

• NDP-069
  

  Carbon-13 and Oxygen-18 Data from the NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Cooperative Flask Sampling Network, 1990-1993, by Michael Trolier and James W. C. White (Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado), and Kenneth Masarie and Pieter Tans (Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, NOAA), and prepared by Antoinette Brenkert (CDIAC). Stable isotope ¹³C/¹²C and ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratios in the atmosphere expressed as deviations (¹³C and ¹⁸O) from the standard ¹³C/¹²C and ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratios (Pee Dee River, South Carolina, Craig 1961, Craig 1957) were measured, starting in 1990, as part of a joint program between the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR) at the University of Colorado and the NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) at six land sites and aboard two container ships in the Pacific Ocean. It was extended in January 1991 with a site in South Korea and in January 1992 with 19 additional land sites. Measurements from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organisation (CSIRO), Australia were merged with the NOAA/CMDL data after comparison for effects of difference in methodology.

• NDP-070
  

  Measurements of Atmospheric Methane and ¹³C/¹²C of Atmospheric Methane from Flask Air Samples, by Paul Quay and Johnny Stutsman (School of Oceanography, University of Washington) and prepared by Linda Allison (CDIAC). This database will offer precise measurements of atmospheric methane and ¹³C/¹²C in atmospheric methane from flask air samples collected at eight sites worldwide and aboard NOAA cruises in the Pacific Ocean. The eight sites include Olympic Peninsula, Washington; Cape Grim, Tasmania; Fraserdale, Ontario; Marshall Islands; Baring Head, New Zealand; Mauna Loa, Hawaii; Point Barrow, Alaska; and American Samoa. The measurements span the period 1988 to mid-1996. These data are useful for global methane budget analyses and for determining the atmospheric isotopic composition of methane. All isotopic measurements have been corrected for standard drift.

• NDP-0XX
  

  The Carbonate System in the Atlantic Ocean along 24 North, by Frank Millero (University of Miami). These carbon-related data were obtained during the Spanish R/V Hesperides cruise along WOCE Section A5 in the Atlantic Ocean along approximately 24° N.

New Database

CDIAC has published the following database in the DB series online during FY 1998.

• DB1020
  

  Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellites (MAPS) 1994 Correlative Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide Mixing Ratios, by Paul Novelli and Ken Masari [NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL)] and prepared by Linda Allison and Tom Boden (CDIAC). The database offers select carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios from eleven field and aircraft measurement programs around the world. The correlative data presented in this database provide an internally consistent, ground-based picture of CO in the lower atmosphere during Spring and Fall 1994. The data show the regional importance of two CO sources: fossil-fuel burning in urbanized areas and biomass burning in regions in the Southern Hemisphere.
  Completed December 1998. (http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/epubs/db/db1020/db1020.html)

Updated NDPs and DBs

• NDP-030
  

  Global, Regional, and National CO₂ Emission Estimates from Fossil Fuel Burning, Cement Production, and Gas Flaring: 1751-1996, (NDP-030), by Gregg Marland (CDIAC), Robert J. Andres (University of Alaska, Fairbanks), Tom Boden (CDIAC), Cathy Johnston (The University of Tennessee, Knoxville), and Antoinette Brenkert (CDIAC). These data extend the period of record through 1996. Since 1992, global total emissions have climbed from 6095 million metric tons of carbon to 6518 million metric tons, the highest global total yet recorded. (The United States continues to be the single greatest carbon-emitting nation, responsible for 22% of the global total.) Updated CO₂ emission estimates extending from 1751 through 1996 are now available.
  Completed January 1999. (http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/ndps/ndp030.html)

• NDP-042
  

  U.S. Historical Climatology Network (HCN) Daily Temperature and Precipitation Data (1871-1997), by David Easterling, Thomas Karl, Jay Lawrimore, and Stephen Del Greco (National Climatic Data Center). The data have been updated through 1994 and expanded to include not only the 138 stations in the original version of NDP-042 but also most of the remaining stations in the HCN, for a total of 1062 stations. This database is sure to be one of the most valuable climate resources available for the United States.

• DB1001
  

  The ALE/GAGE/AGAGE Monitoring Network , which provides continuous high-frequency measurements of methane, nitrous oxide, three chlorofluorocarbons, methyl chloroform, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. This database supports analyses and monitoring related to both greenhouse gases and the Earth's ozone layer. The data were contributed by R. Prinn, D. Cunnold, P. Fraser, R. Weiss, P. Simmonds, F. Alyea, L. P. Steele, and D. Hartley; they were prepared for online distribution by CDIAC's Tom Boden. Data from 1978 through March 1998 are now available for Cape Grim, Tasmania; Point Matatula, American Samoa; Ragged Point, Barbados; Mace Head, Ireland; and Trinidad Head, California (stations also previously existed at Cape Meares, Oregon, and Adrigole, Ireland). All ALE and GAGE data have been recalculated according to the current AGAGE calibration standards, thus creating a unified ALE/GAGE/AGAGE data set based upon the same standards; and the AGAGE database has been completely re-computed to introduce a new and improved pollution analysis scheme.
  Completed January 1999. (http//cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/ndps/alegage.html)

Additional Publications

• ORNL/CDIAC-115
  

  Comparison of the Carbon System Parameters at the Global CO₂ Survey Crossover Locations in the North and South Pacific Ocean between 1990-1996, by Richard A. Feely, Marilyn F. Lamb, and Dana J. Greeley [NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)], and Rik Wanninkoff [(NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)] and prepared by Linda J. Allison (CDIAC).

We also plan to have two new issues of our newsletter, CDIAC Communications, available during FY 1999. Look for these online (http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/newsletr/ccindex.html); if you let us know, we will be glad to notify you via e-mail when a new issue is online. Printed copies of CDIAC Communications are available on request. Remember to check the "new" page on our Web site (http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/new/new.html) for announcements of the latest CDIAC products.

CDIAC Communications Issue No. 25, Fall 1998 was put online in December 1998.

Trends Online Update

Although CDIAC will not print a hard-copy version of Trends during FY 1999, we do plan to update and expand the Trends Online Atmospheric CO₂ and Fossil-Fuel CO₂ Emissions sections and add to the Trends Online Climate section. The following summarizes the FY 1999 activities planned for each of these sections:

• Atmospheric CO₂ levels. During FY 1999 we hope to add (A) or update (U) the following records:

  U     Vostok ice core record (Barnola et al.)
  U     Mauna Loa, Barrow, American Samoa, and South Pole records from SIO (Keeling and Whorf)
  U     Baring Head in situ record (Manning et al.)
  U     Mt. Cimone in situ record (Colombo and Santaguida)
  U     Amsterdam Island in situ record (Gaudry et al.)
  U     K-puszta in situ record (Haszpra)
  U     Lampedusa Island flask record (Ciattoglia and Chamard)
  U     Wellington ¹⁴CO₂ record (Manning and Melhuish)
  A     Cape Grim ¹³C record (Francey and Allison)

• Fossil-fuel CO₂ emissions. This section was modified during FY 1998 to include historical fossil-fuel CO₂ emissions back to 1751. During FY 1999 we will update:

  U     Global, regional, and national fossil fuel CO₂ emission estimates for 1751-1996 (Marland et al.)

• Climate. During FY 1999 we will add to the Trends Online Temperature section and mark up selected Trends data for the precipitation section. In addition we will establish a new section detailing regional trends in cloud amount. We will offer the following records:

  U     Vostok ice core temperature record (Jouzel et al.)
  U     Global and hemispheric satellite temperature records (Spencer and Christy)
  U     Global, hemispheric, and zonal radiosonde temperature records (Angell)
  U     National and regional temperature and precipitation records for the
          contiguous United States (Karl et al.)
  U     National and regional temperature and precipitation records for Canada (Hogg et al.)
  A     China cloud amount trends (Kaiser)
  A     Former Soviet Union cloud amount trends (Kaiser)